The Azores and Espionage During World War II: The Risk to Portuguese Neutrality

Author:

Marisa Filipe

Report:

Newsletter 28

Year:

2025

Subject Matter:

WW2

Excerpt:

This article discusses changes in the role of the Azores as a consequence of geopolitics and espionage during World War II. Occupying an exceptionally strategic position, the islands were crucial during the war for refuelling planes, boats, and submarines, as well as for telegraphic and wireless communication. The occupation of the islands held strategic significance for the Germans, as they could have served as a crucial base to launch attacks on the USA. Conversely, for the British and Americans, the islands were the perfect location to attack the German submarines that were seriously damaging British shipping. Desired by both the Axis and the Allies, the ambitious plans for the occupation of the Azores by both sides of the war were thwarted by the Portuguese government. For Portuguese Prime Minister, António de Oliveira Salazar, the political neutrality declared in 1939 was non-negotiable. If Portugal maintained its neutrality, Spain could also remain outside the war. Like a chess game, every move was made with careful thinking, and the spies were invaluable assets that could lead to the occupation of the islands and, ultimately, the end of Portuguese neutrality.

The article can be downloaded here.