Five London bankers were given Portuguese titles in the 19th Century, for organising international loans: Isaac Goldsmid (Baron de Goldsmid in 1845); Dennis Samuel (Baron Diniz de Samuel in 1855); Herman Stern (Baron Stern in 1864); his brother David Stern (Viscount Stern in 1870); and finally Henry Bishoffsheim (Viscount Bishoffsheim in 1873).
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